I started grad school with
a romantic notion that I'd be spending my summers
on a little island off the coast of northern California,
sleeping beneath the star-studded midnight sky.
I imagined myself waking up to the rising sun,
packing my lunch, and carrying my spotting scope
over my shoulder in search of a spot in the craggy
cliffs where I would set up and spend the day
observing and recording cormorant behavior. Instead,
I ended up spending my days and nights in a lab
counting, observing, and maintaining thousands
of populations of flour beetles.
The reality of doing scienceand
getting a degreehit me hard my first semester.
I realized that there was a lot more to it than
sitting in a field (or on a cliff) with a notebook
in hand. As much as I wanted to be in the outdoors,
I also wanted to learn how to formulate hypotheses,
design experiments, and collect and interpret
data. Sure, I could have done all those things
in the field. But I didn't want to be slowed down
by the many obstacles that inevitably come with
doing science in the outdoors. As a graduate student
with only a limited amount of time, I wanted a
guarantee that I would have data to analyze and
results to publish. So I decided to leave battling
the elements for later. It wasn't an easy decision.
After all, it was my love for the outdoors that
had attracted me to biology in the first place.
I had never imagined myself as a lab scientist.
Picking a research topic may
be the most difficult decision you make as a grad
student. I've known and heard about first-year
grad students become so riddled with anxiety about
"finding the perfect thesis topic" that
they become second-year and sometimes even third-year
and (dare I say) fourth-year students who are
still hovering at the starting gate. But
there is no perfect thesis topic. Or rather, the
perfect thesis topic is the one that gets you
doing the research, keeps you coming back to the
lab day after day and night after night and, ultimately,
gets you that degree.
So how do you find the "perfect"
topic? Well, you've got to hit the ground running
because it takes a lot of time and hard work.
Your research topic is not going to magically
land in your lap. As soon as you start grad school,
seek out interesting topics and think about
them. Read journal articles, engage with your
advisor, talk with your professors, pick the brains
of the postdocs in your lab or department, attend
seminars, go to meetings, and do whatever you
can to get in the thick of it as soon as you can.
If you plan to pursue a career in industry, find
out what kinds of research and, perhaps more importantly,
research tools are most applicable to the
type of work you want to do. Most departments
require some sort of thesis or dissertation proposal
to be submitted before students begin their research.
But don't wait until then to ask for feedback.
Participate, explore, and be actively involved
with your courses, lab meetings, journal clubs,
or whatever other opportunities for "talking
chemistry" present themselves.
Participating in a new or
ongoing project with more experienced scientists
is a great opportunity for exposure to new research
ideas since good research usually raises more
question than it answers. At the end of my first
year of grad school, I started a collaborative
project with my advisor, another faculty member,
and a postdoc. The four of us sat down and talked
about the idea, designed the experiment, and then
carried it out. As the only grad student working
on the project, I did most of the work. But I
didn't mind. Not only did the experience give
me some bold new ideas and the confidence to strike
out on my own, but also it landed me a first-authored
publication in a prestigious journal in my field.
Striking out on your own doesn't
necessarily mean taking on an entirely new topic
that nobody in your department, let alone lab,
knows anything about. I've known grad students
who take on projects that are so different from
anything that their advisors have ever done that
the students end up teaching the advisors more
than the advisor teach them. Sure, as a grad student
you are supposed to be learning how to do original,
independent research. But the key word is "learning."
Graduate school is an apprenticeship and an opportune
time to be an opportunist. If you're not learning
from your advisor, you may be selling yourself
short. There are some very good scientists out
there who even the best of us can still be learning
from. Furthermore, by working on a topic that
complements your advisor's research program, your
advisor will likely be able to better advise you
when you run into problems (which you will), and
you'll likely have an easier time finding and
accessing the kind of equipment and supplies you'll
need.
That said, I would never advise
anyone to give up something that they are really
burning to study in favor of something that seems
a little more doable. In fact, rule #1 is: pick
a topic that you like. Not only will you be completely
consumed by your research topic for the next several
or more years, chances are that your dissertation
topic will profoundly shape the direction of your
future research. Many illustrious scientific careers
revolve around variations on the theme of the
dissertation. Still, no matter what you do, you'll
need to balance your desire to branch out on your
own with the fact that you have only a limited
amount of time to wrap it all up.
If you're going for your Master's,
you may only have two or, at most, three years
to begin and end a complete research project.
Master's theses and projects are generally much
shorter than the dissertation, and the standards
are generally more relaxed, but the time crunch
can cause just as much, if not more, anxiety as
that of the PhD. Because of this, it is common
for Master's students to take on an already established
project, or an offshoot of one. Sometimes they'll
do variations on a theme that a previous student
has already done.
In your search for the "perfect"
topic, remember that as a scientist-in-training
(which is basically what you are as a grad student),
nobody expects you to come up with brilliant,
earth-shattering, paradigm-shifting theories.
In fact, nobody expects that even of full-fledged
scientists! You just need to keep your research
going. And keep in mind what Thomas Kuhn wrote
in his book The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions [italics
are his]:
"The scientific enterprise
as a whole does from time to time prove useful,
open up new territory, display order, and test
long-accepted belief. Nevertheless, the individual
engaged on a normal research problem is almost
never doing any one of these things. Once
engaged, his motivation is of a rather different
sort. What then challenges him is the conviction
that, if only he is skilful enough, he will
success in solving a puzzle that no one before
has solved or solved so well. Many of the greatest
scientific minds have devoted all of their professional
attention to demanding puzzles of this sort.
On most occasions any particular field of specialization
offers nothing else do, a fact that makes it
no less interesting to the proper sort of addict."
Leslie Pray is a freelance
science writer based in Leverett, MA. She has
written extensively on the educational and professional
development of grad students and postdocs for
Science's Next Wave and the Chronicle of Higher
Education. She is also a regular contributor to
The Scientist. Leslie earned several national
awards from scientific societies in recognition
of her accomplishments as a graduate student.
She received her Ph.D. in Biology from the University
of Vermont.
Related Reading
There is any number of books
you can read about conducting graduate research,
including selecting your thesis or dissertation
topic. Here is a sample:
Graduate
Research: A Guide for Students in the Sciences
by Robert V. Smith
Advice
to a Young Scientist by Peter Brian Medawar
The
Craft of Research (Chicago Guides to Writing,
Editing, and Publishing) by Wayne C. Booth,
Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams
Writing
and Presenting Your Thesis or Dissertation
in an online guide by Dr. S. Joseph Levine at
Michigan State University. This Web site runs
the gamut from thinking about a topic to preparing
an article for publication based on your research.
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